Hernia
What is a Hernia?
Hernias occur when there is weakness in the abdominal wall and the
intestine protrudes through the weakness, causing a soft bulge.
Where do hernias occur?
The most common hernia is the inguinal hernia and occurs in the groin
area. Protrusion elsewhere on the abdominal wall is called femoral,
umbilical or if from an old operation site an incisional hernia. Another
type of hernia is a hiatus hernia, which involves part of the stomach
pushing through the diaphragm. (See hiatus hernia)
What causes a hernia?
The wall of the abdomen has natural areas of potential weakness. Hernias can occur at any age. Most hernias in children are congenital (meaning from birth). In adults hernias can develop from:
The wall of the abdomen has natural areas of potential weakness. Hernias can occur at any age. Most hernias in children are congenital (meaning from birth). In adults hernias can develop from:
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heavy strain on the abdominal wall (lifting, persistent coughing,constipation)
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aging
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injury or an old incision
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weakness present from birth.
Signs and Symptoms
The most common physical symptom is a soft bulge under the skin.
Pain
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When lifting heavy objects, coughing, straining during urination or bowel movement or during prolonged standing or sitting.
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The pain may be sharp or immediate or a dull ache that gets worse toward the end of the day.
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Severe, continuous pain, redness and tenderness are signs that the hernia may be trapped or strangulated. These symptoms are cause for concern and you should contact your doctor immediately.
Treatment
There are a few options available for patients with a hernia.
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Use of an abdominal binder is rarely prescribed, as it is usually ineffective.
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Most hernias require a surgical procedure, which are done in one or two ways
Surgical treatment
Open
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The traditional approach is done from the outside through an incision in the area of the hernia. The surgeon may choose to use a small piece of surgical mesh to repair the defect or hole. This technique is performed under a general anaesthetic.
Laparoscopic hernia repair
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Laparoscopic (keyhole surgery) hernia repair is a recent technique to fix tears in the abdominal wall (muscle) using small incisions, telescopes and a patch (mesh). It may offer quicker return to work and normal activities with decreased pain for some patients.
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